Wireless ev charging

Types of Wireless EV Charging

With the advent of technology, charging electric vehicles (EVs) has been made easier. Wireless EV charging, also known as inductive charging, is now a common feature in most EVs. The technology uses electromagnetic fields to transfer energy between two coils—one in the charging station and the other in the vehicle. This eliminates the need for plugging in cables and connectors. There are two main types of wireless EV charging:

• Low-Power Charging:

  Low-power charging stations are used for charging smaller electric vehicles and public transport stations. This type of wireless EV charging provides power between 3 to 10 kW. It is ideal for applications where vehicles stay for long periods, like public transport stations or personal residences.

• High-Power Charging:

  High-power charging is designed for long-distance travel and fast charging. This type of wireless EV charging delivers power levels ranging from 50 kW to 350 kW or more. It charges the vehicle in a short duration, making it suitable for charging stations along highways.

Besides the two types, there are two main categories of wireless EV charging systems based on the installation location.

• Wireless EV charging for private use:

  This kind of charging is installed in the homes of EV owners. The charging pad is placed on the floor and connected to the charging station. This system offers convenience since the vehicle can be charged by simply parking it on the charging pad.

• Public wireless ev charging:

  These charging stations are placed in public areas like shopping malls, restaurants, and parking lots. The installation is done on the ceiling or floor of the charging station. This system is beneficial for people who need to charge their vehicles while running other errands.

Specifications and maintenance of wireless ev charging

Many specifications need to be considered when discussing the technology and equipment behind wireless EV charging. These include frequency, power transfer, efficiency, safety, and communication.

Charging stations operate at charging power levels of 3.7 kW (1-phase, low voltage) to 350 kW (high-power, multi-phase). The charging station's power level determines the maximum charging power of the connected EV.

• Frequency

  The frequency specification for wireless EV charging is 85 kHz to 205 kHz. This frequency range is chosen because it is safe for humans and does not interfere with other wireless systems.

• Power transfer

  Transfer power refers to the amount of power transferred from the charging station to the EV battery. For wireless EV charging, the power transferred is between 3 kW and 22 kW. This power transfer level allows charging to happen over several hours without overheating the charging equipment.

• Efficiency

  The efficiency of wireless EV charging is between 85% and 95%. This means that 85% to 95% of the power sent from the charging station is absorbed by the EV battery. The efficiency of wireless charging is lower than that of wired charging. However, it is still high enough to ensure that the car can be charged without wasting much energy.

• Safety

  Safety is an important aspect of wireless EV charging. The charging station and the EV have to communicate with each other to ensure that charging only happens when they are properly aligned. The system also has to make sure that there are no objects between the charging pads that can cause a fire.

• Communication

  Communication between the charging station and the EV is important for ensuring safe and efficient charging. This communication is achieved using a wireless connection. The charging station and the EV exchange information such as battery state, power transfer level, and alignment status. This information is used to optimize the charging process and ensure that charging is done safely and efficiently.

Wireless EV charging requires routine maintenance to ensure that the charging system works properly and safely. Although specific maintenance requirements may vary depending on the type of charging system, the following are general requirements for wireless EV charging systems:

• Inspection

  Regular inspection of the charging system is important to ensure that all components, including charging pads, power electronics, and communication systems, are in good condition. Look for signs of wear, damage, or contamination that can affect charging performance or safety.

• Cleaning

  Cleaning the charging pads is important to ensure efficient power transfer and avoid wear or damage. Use a soft cloth or brush to remove dirt, dust, or debris from the pads. Also, clean other components of the charging system, such as the electronics and communication systems, to ensure optimal performance.

• Software updates

  Wireless EV charging systems may require periodic software updates to optimize performance, improve safety, and add new features. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for updating the software and ensure that all components of the charging system are using the latest version.

• Functional testing

  Wireless EV charging systems should be periodically tested to ensure that all components are working properly and that charging performance and safety meet the required standards. Test charging performance, communication between the charging station and the EV, and safety functions such as object detection or alignment verification.

• Wear part replacement

  The charging system may require replacement of some components over time due to wear or aging. Replace worn or damaged components, such as charging pads, power electronics, or communication modules, to ensure the system's optimal performance and safety.

How to Choose Wireless EV Charging

Choosing the right wireless EV charger for business needs requires careful consideration of several factors. Here are some key points to keep in mind:

• Understanding Vehicle Requirements

  Different electric vehicles have different charging requirements. Check the charging power (kW) and battery capacity of the EVs that will be charged. This ensures that the selected charger is compatible with all vehicles in the fleet.

• Consider Installation and Space Requirements

  Wireless EV chargers need enough space for the charging pad installation. Evaluate the installation location to ensure there are no obstructions. Additionally, consider the floor layout and charging station location to determine if multiple pads are needed.

• Safety and Certification

  Ensure the charger has all necessary safety features, such as overvoltage protection, short circuit protection, and fire resistance. Look for wireless EV chargers that have international certifications such as CE, UL, and TUV. This ensures that the charger complies with safety standards and quality.

• Future-Proofing

  As EV technology advances, so does the charging technology. When choosing a wireless EV charger, look for devices that support future upgrades. For instance, consider chargers that can be upgraded to higher charging power without replacing the entire system.

• Support and Warranty

  Choose wireless EV chargers with long-term warranty offers and dependable technical support. This provides assistance in the event of any problems with the charger. Moreover, some manufacturers offer regular software updates and upgrades for their chargers. This ensures that the charger stays current with technology advancements.

• Cost of Ownership

  When selecting a wireless EV charger, consider the entire cost of ownership. This includes the initial investment, installation cost, maintenance cost, and energy cost. Sometimes, chargers with higher initial costs are more efficient and have lower operating costs in the long run.

How to DIY and replace wireless ev charging

There are not many DIY options for fixing the pads of an EV charger, because they are quite complicated. However, there are some preliminary steps that can be taken before the car goes to a specialist. If the charging pad is not charging the car, there are a few things that can check out.

• Check for any obstructions

  Look for anything that might be obstructing the charging pad and the car's charging receiver. Clean both surfaces of any debris, dirt, or obstructions that could interfere with charging.

• Ensure proper alignment

  Make sure the car's charging receiver is properly aligned with the charging pad. Misalignment can prevent charging.

• Inspect the charging pad

  Visually inspect the charging pad for any physical damage, cracks, or wear that could affect its functionality. If damaged, the charging pad may need to be replaced.

• Check for software updates

  Some wireless charging issues can be resolved with software updates. Check the manufacturer's website or contact the dealership to see if any updates are available for the vehicle's charging system.

• Consult the owner's manual

  Reference the vehicle's owner's manual for specific troubleshooting steps related to the wireless charging system. There may be additional steps or settings to check.

• Reset the system

  Try resetting the vehicle's electrical system by disconnecting the 12V battery for a few minutes and reconnecting it. This can sometimes resolve minor electronic issues.

• Contact technical support

  If the charging pad still does not work after these steps, contact the vehicle manufacturer's technical support or visit an authorized service center for further diagnosis and repair.

Q and A

Q1: How does one ensure their wireless EV charger is future-proof?

A1: To ensure a wireless EV charger is future-proof, select one that meets the latest industry standards, such as ISO 15118. Additionally, consider the charger's power level and capabilities for software updates, making it adaptable to future vehicle batteries and charging tech advancements.

Q2: Can all electric vehicles use wireless charging pads?

A2: Not all electric vehicles can use wireless charging pads. EVs must be equipped or have the option to install components supporting wireless charging. As the technology becomes more widespread, more vehicles are expected to be compatible with wireless charging pads.

Q3: Does wireless charging for EVs drain the battery faster than traditional charging?

A3: No, wireless charging for EVs does not drain the battery faster than traditional charging. While there is slightly more energy loss during wireless charging, the difference is insignificant. Both methods maintain battery health equally if the charging system is designed properly.

Q4: How does one maintain a wireless EV charger?

A4: Maintaining a wireless EV charger is simple. First, keep the charger and the car's charging receiver clean and free of debris. This ensures optimal energy transfer. Additionally, ensure that the charger is placed correctly and securely aligned with the pad on a regular basis to prevent energy loss.

Q5: What are the advantages of wireless EV charging technology?

A5: Wireless EV charging technology offers many benefits, such as convenience, eliminating plugs and sockets; safety, reducing electric shock risks; and reduced physical wear and tear on charging equipment. Furthermore, it can facilitate more frequent, efficient charging due to its seamless approach.