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Weigh in motion systems has a few types. Below is a few of them:
Mechanical systems integrate physical components such as levers, springs, and mechanical linkages to measure weight. These systems are primarily installed in rural areas or roads with lower traffic density due to their relatively high maintenance requirements. The mechanical nature of these systems makes them less durable in harsh weather conditions, leading to lower accuracy.
Pneumatic WIM systems use air-filled sensors to gauge vehicle weight. When a vehicle passes over a pneumatic mat, its tires compress the air-filled tubes, which measure the weight based on the tube's displacement. Such systems are more suitable for temporary installations and are predominantly used in locations necessitating immediate requirements.
Electronic WIM systems implement load cells and other electronic sensors to acquire precise data. These systems are lauded for their accuracy and are ideal for permanent installations in areas with light to moderate traffic. Although more resilient than pneumatic systems, they require occasional inspection and maintenance due to their electronic components.
These systems have various uses. Below is a list of industrial applications:
WIM systems supply key data about highway utilization, aiding in the planning and upkeep of roads. By capturing the volume and weight of vehicles, this system helps authorities devise effective traffic management tactics, curbing congestion and enhancing road safety.
WIM systems gather vital information on truck traffic, which can be quite helpful in designing infrastructure like bridges and tunnels. The design and maintenance of such systems require an understanding of the weight and frequency of heavy vehicles to support or resist the system safely.
WIM systems measure vehicle weight and quickly charge appropriate toll fees based on vehicles. This results in shorter waiting times at toll stations since the vehicles do not stop at the toll gates for the weighing process.
The aerospace industry uses these systems to track vehicle weights in motion, enhancing load distribution and highway safety. Real-time data assist in better planning routes, lowering operational costs, and minimizing wear and tear on roadways.
A WIM system can monitor agricultural truck traffic, providing valuable data for farmers, authorities, and agribusinesses. This information enables better planning of harvests, transport schedules, and road maintenance in agricultural regions.
WIM systems find applications in gauging the effect of heavy trucks on roadways and associated pollutants. This information helps in studying the wear and tear of structures and the degree of emissions, which in turn aids government officials in instituting measures that lessen vehicle impact on the environment.
These systems have some core features. Below is a breakdown:
There are various sensor types, including embedded and surface-mounted systems that utilize diverse technologies, such as strain gauges, piezoelectric sensors, air-filled chambers, and load cells. Some systems also utilize multiple sensors for enhanced precision. The choice of sensor type is influenced by anticipated traffic conditions, required precision, and installation feasibility.
The data processing unit (DPU) receives raw data from the sensors, processes it through embedded algorithms, and converts it into useful metrics such as weight, speed, and axle configuration. The DPU can also be integrated into existing traffic monitoring frameworks or set up as a standalone device.
Power for the WIM system can be obtained from the local power grid, solar energy, and backup batteries to stay functional and especially where there is little or no power. Solar power supply is often used in remote places due to lower installation costs and easy renewable energy availability.
This system transmits data wirelessly through cellular networks, satellite communication, or Wi-Fi. Some systems include options for hardwired connections using Ethernet or RS-232, which depending on traffic need and installation settings, as well as reliability and data transmission speed, are considered.
Since most of the systems are installed outside, the components are housed in weatherproof casings to withstand diverse elements like rain and extreme temperatures. Also, some components are placed underground to prevent damage and ensure durability. However, the design of the housing is influenced by the climatic conditions and expected threats, such as vehicles or vandalism.
While some WIM systems can be quickly installed, others may require extensive roadwork and modifications. These systems also require regular maintenance, which includes periodic checks on sensors and possibly recalibration, to ensure persistent precision and reliability.
Here are some things business owners should consider when choosing weigh-in-motion systems:
The sensors used for these systems employ diverse technologies, which include piezoelectric, strain gauge, and membrane switches. Each of these sensors has its advantages. Load cells are generally considered to be very reliable, while piezoelectric sensors are known for being very sensitive. Once the type of sensor has been decided, a processing unit should be selected. The role of this unit is to convert the raw data into understandable metrics. The processing units are usually embedded into management systems or standalone units. The last component to consider when buying these systems is the type of power supply to go for. These options include grid, solar, and battery power.
The accuracy level of these systems is determined by the type of sensor used. Therefore, to ensure the systems have high accuracy when weighing vehicles, they should be equipped with advanced sensors. Also, when the vehicles are passing at high speed, they should be able to take accurate measurements. In such cases, businesses should seek systems with precision speed measurement sensors.
Traffic managers prefer the systems they install to be able to collect traffic data, such as vehicle classification and speed. Although most weigh-in-motion systems collect this data, it would be important for the buyer to confirm this point before making the purchase. Furthermore, some advanced models have the capability to transmit the obtained data wirelessly for improvements on efficiency.
The environment and road conditions where these systems will be installed affect their accuracy and efficiency. For instance, toll roads usually have high traffic, so the system used should be able to handle this traffic volume. On the flip side, rural areas experience low traffic. In such areas, the systems mainly focus on data collection rather than congestion management. Therefore, for optimum performance, businesses should select models that meet the road's specific requirements and conditions. Also, systems that meet highway standards are more dependable.
These systems are generally ideal for highways and major roads where traffic flow is constant. They are also suitable for rural and low-traffic areas.
Manufacturers construct these systems using durable materials, such as stainless steel. Therefore, they can withstand harsh weather conditions like snow, ice, and rain.
These systems are designed with smart calibration mechanisms. Also, their key components are regularly maintained to enhance their durability and accuracy.
Yes, almost all modern systems are equipped with advanced speed measurement sensors. Therefore, they can provide accurate measurements even when the vehicles are moving at high speeds.
WIM systems provide vital information regarding vehicle weights and traffic patterns. Transportation officials use this information to enhance road design, reduce congestion, and promote highway longevity.
