Underground pipe

Types of underground pipes

There are various types of underground pipes used for different purposes. Here are some of them:

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

  This is a plastic material that is used in making pipes. It is popularly known as PVC. Water supply and drainage pipes are made of rigid PVC. However, flexible PVC is used in electrical wiring because it can easily bend. The good thing about PVC is that it is resistant to water and does not allow water to pass through. Because of this, it is popularly used to make pipes for irrigation, water supply, and sewage disposal. PVC pipes are preferred because they are cheaper and can be used in various applications.

• High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

  These pipes are made of thermoplastic material. They are used when lightweight but high-strength pipes are needed. These pipes are used for water conservation and are also used to transport water since they are not affected by corrosion. They are also preferred because they can be recycled and used to make other products.

• Asbestos cement

  These pipes are made of a mixture of asbestos and cement. They are used to transport water because they are strong and last a long time. However, these pipes are not as popular today because asbestos is dangerous and can harm people. These pipes are used underground because they are immune to corrosion.

• Metal pipes

  These include ductile iron, galvanized steel, and copper. Metal pipes are strong, but they can rust or be damaged by water or chemicals. Copper pipes are small and mostly used in plumbing.

• Concrete pipes

  These are made of concrete. They are mostly used for big projects like drains and sewers because they can carry a lot of water and are very strong.

• Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX)

  These pipes are made of plastic. They are very flexible and immune to corrosion, which means they can be bent without breaking. Pex pipes are popular because they are used in plumbing and heating systems.

Functions and features of underground pipes

When looking at different types of underground pipes, it is important to understand the functions and features of each type. This will help in making an informed decision when purchasing.

• Function: Water supply: One of the main functions of pipes is to transport water from one location to another. This includes moving water from a municipal source to homes or other buildings. Water supply pipes are made from materials like PVC, polyethylene, and copper. These materials are durable and corrosion resistant.
• Features: These pipes are lightweight, flexible, and easy to install. They are usually buried in the ground and have a diameter of 1-3 inches.
• Function: Drainage and sewage: Pipes are also used to carry wastewater and sewage away from homes and buildings to treatment facilities. These pipes are usually made from materials like PVC and ABS plastic, which are easy to clean and resistant to chemicals.
• Features: These pipes are usually larger in diameter, ranging from 4 inches to several feet. They are designed to handle the flow of wastewater and sewage efficiently.
• Function: Stormwater management: Underground pipes also manage stormwater runoff from rain and snow. These pipes help direct stormwater to drainage areas or bodies of water. Materials like concrete and HDPE are used to make these pipes. They are strong and can handle large volumes of water.
• Features: These pipes are usually larger in diameter, ranging from 6 inches to several feet. They are designed to handle the flow of stormwater efficiently.
• Function: Irrigation: Underground pipes also distribute water for irrigation systems in agricultural areas or large landscapes. These pipes ensure that water is evenly distributed to plants and crops. Materials like PVC and polyethylene are commonly used to make irrigation pipes. They are lightweight and easy to install.
• Features: These pipes have a smaller diameter, usually ranging from 1 to 2 inches. They are designed to deliver water at low pressure.
• Function: Oil and gas transportation: Underground pipes transport oil and natural gas over long distances. These pipes are constructed with high-strength steel, which can withstand high pressure and is resistant to dents and scratches. An example of these pipes is the popular and highly reliable API 5L pipe.
• Function: Telecommunications: Underground conduits or pipes are used to protect and carry cables for telecommunications services, such as internet, telephone, and cable TV. These pipes prevent cable damage and ensure efficient communication.

Scenarios of underground pipe

There are various applications and scenarios in which underground pipes are used, including:

• Water supply: Whether home, industrial, or municipal, all water systems in the city or country rely on underground pipes. The pipes transport water from treatment plants or natural sources to consumers.
• Drainage: Underground drainage pipes are essential for stormwater and sewage management. They prevent flooding and direct waste to treatment facilities, protecting public health and the environment.
• Infrastructure: Underground utilities are essential for urban living. Electricity, natural gas, communication networks, and other utilities use underground piping systems for distribution. This is because it is a safe and efficient method.
• Agriculture: Underground irrigation piping systems are common in agriculture. They deliver water to crops efficiently, ensuring food production and sustainability. Additionally, drainage pipes in agricultural fields manage excess water, preventing crop damage.
• Construction: Engineers and architects often use underground piping systems to transport water and other fluids on construction sites. They are also essential in the building foundation, as pipes help prevent water accumulation and ensure structural integrity.
• Landscaping: In urban settings, underground piping systems are used for ornamental or functional water features such as fountains and ponds. They are also essential in drainage management systems that prevent flooding in landscaped areas.
• Mining: Underground pipes transport various fluids, including water, slurries, fuels, and chemicals, in mining operations. They are essential in regions with high-water levels since they help manage water and prevent flooding in mining tunnels.
• Geothermal systems: Some underground pipes are used in geothermal heating and cooling systems. These systems use the earth's stable temperatures to heat or cool buildings efficiently.
• Oil and gas industry: In the oil and gas industry, pipelines are used to transport crude oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbons over long distances efficiently. These pipelines are usually laid underground, especially when passing through populated areas or agricultural land.

How to Choose underground pipes

There are several factors to consider when choosing a pipe for underground water lines, sewage disposal, irrigation, and other applications. Here’s a detailed look at the factors influencing pipes selection:

• Consider the application

  The type of pipe depends on the application. Different pipes have different characteristics making them suitable for specific applications. PVC pipes are suitable for irrigation and water supply lines due to their low costs and resistance to corrosion. On the other hand, HDPE pipes are used in sewer lines and drainage systems since they are resistant to chemicals and have a smooth interior that promotes the quick flow of liquids.

• Evaluate the soil type

  The type of soil where the pipes are to be installed has a huge influence on the choice of pipes. For example, if the soil is rocky and aggressive, one should choose pipes that can withstand pressure and environmental conditions, such as HDPE pipes. Soil type affects the pipes' durability and structural integrity.

• Check the diameter and depth

  When selecting a pipe, one should consider the diameter needed for the project and the depth at which the pipe will be laid. In most cases, larger diameter pipes have a higher flow capacity. Additionally, some applications require specific burial depths to avoid damage due to external pressure or environmental factors.

• Assess the installation methods

  Different pipes have different installation methods. For instance, PVC pipes are connected using solvent cement, while HDPE pipes are joined using electrofusion or butt fusion methods. One should choose a pipe that is compatible with the preferred installation method.

• Consider the costs

  Pipes come with different price tags. One should consider the initial cost of the pipe and balance it with its long-term value. For instance, HDPE pipes may have a higher upfront cost but are more durable than other pipes. They can be used multiple times, thus saving on costs.

• Evaluate the environmental impact

  It is important to consider the environmental impact when choosing a pipe for a certain application. Some pipes are more sustainable than others. For example, HDPE is made from recycled materials, and its pipes are recyclable, making them a better choice for environmentally friendly products.

• Customer support and warranty

  It is good to choose a supplier who provides excellent customer support. Evaluate reviews and testimonials to get a sense of the quality of service provided. Also, consider the warranty provided by the supplier or manufacturer. A good warranty means confidence in their products.

underground pipe Q & A

Q: What is the lifespan of a buried pipe?

A: Many underground pipes have a long lifespan. For example, PVC pipes last 50 years, and even more, polyethylene 40-50 years, concrete 50-100 years, copper 75-100 years, and steel 50-100 years. However, the exact lifespan depends on various factors, such as the type of pipe, soil conditions, and installation methods.

Q: How can one tell a pipe is damaged underground?

A: Common signs of damaged pipes include unexplained puddles of water, wet spots on the ground, and a sudden increase in water bills. In some cases, damaged pipes may cause noticeable land deformities. However, it may be difficult to tell without the right tools and expertise, so it is advisable to consult a professional.

Q: What types of pipes are best for underground use?

A: Pipes made of PVC, HDPE, or polyethylene are generally preferred for underground use because they are corrosion-resistant and durable. These pipes can last many years without needing maintenance or replacement.

Q: How does one install a pipe underground?

A: Pipes can be installed through trenching, boring, or jacking. The best method depends on factors like pipe size, ground conditions, and installation costs. Professional pipe installers have the expertise to determine the best method for each situation.

Q: What type of pipe is used for water lines?

A: PVC and HDPE pipes are commonly used for water lines because they are durable, corrosion-resistant, and lightweight. These plastic pipes can be easily transported and installed, making them suitable for water line applications.