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Thiosulfate sodium is available in bulk as it comes in various grades, which include pharmaceutical and industrial. The types usually differ based on the required purities and applications.
The pharmaceutical-grade sodium thiosulfate is categorized as a high-purity substance and comes with a fine-grade sodium thiosulfate commonly applied in the medical field. The most prevalent use is for treating cyanide poisoning. Cyanide can be a lethal poison when released in gaseous form, especially in a structure. Hence, sodium thiosulfate can also be used for detoxifying the body when it comes to an exposure that is not very common.
Also, they are often used to treat calcium deposits in tissues and kidney stones.
The sodium thiosulfate bulk comes with slightly lower purity than the pharmaceutical grade, and it is meant for industrial uses. They are still effective, for example, where sodium thiosulfate might be used in photography as a fixer to prevent the film's silver-coated emulsion from darkening.
That's not all, though. The compound is also often utilized in textile and leather processing, chlorine removal from waste treatment, and gold mining through a non-toxic method that leaches gold from ores.
Sodium thiosulfate that is produced and sold to food manufacturers comes with food-grade purity. This is used as a food additive and preservative in some regions. It prevents a food item from changing color or spoiling due to the presence of sulfur.
Sodium thiosulfate is a versatile compound, and buyers need to know its commonly used features, which will help them make a decision when purchasing.
Sodium thiosulfate consists of sodium, sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with a general formula of Na2S2O3·5H2O for the pentahydrate form. It is water-soluble and presents as a crystalline solid at room temperature, hence easy to transport and store.
As highlighted, one of the key uses of sodium thiosulfate is treating cyanide poisoning by converting the toxic cyanide to non-toxic thiocyanate. It is also effective in the treatment of calcified tissues, such as in people with chronic kidney disease who are at risk of developing calcified tissues.
Another application of sodium thiosulfate is in gold mining, commonly used as an environmentally friendly method for extracting gold from ores. Given that it is less toxic than cyanide, it is often used as an alternative to it.
Also, sodium thiosulfate is efficient in photography, especially in developing films by acting as a chemical fixer that prevents silver halide crystals from turning into metallic silver. In textile industries, it is effective in removing chlorine from bleached fabrics.
In titrimetric analysis, sodium thiosulfate solution is used as a standard solution, which means it is used to determine the concentration of substances. In iodometric titrations, it is effective in calculating the amount of iodine that has reacted.
Sodium thiosulfate is also applied in wastewater treatment, where it aids in dechlorination and reduces the toxic effects of chlorinated compounds. In agriculture, it's applied as a soil amendment to improve soil quality by supplying vital nutrients such as sulfur and sodium to crops.
It's important to consider the appropriate use of sodium thiosulfate considering several factors affecting its application in various industries.
As said, sodium thiosulfate is primarily used in treating cyanide poisoning. This is given as a solution through intravenous injection. In chronic kidney diseases, sodium thiosulfate is mostly used to treat kidney stones and calcium deposits in the body. This mineral helps to reduce the calcium deposits that are associated with kidney failure.
For injection, the sodium thiosulfate concentration should be around 50 mg per mL (50 g/L). This should then be diluted further with a compatible intravenous fluid. The recommended intravenous sodium thiosulfate dosage for patients who are 13 years and older is 12.5 grams administered twice, with an interval of 30 minutes. For younger patients, there is no established dosage, so it has to be given at medical personnel discretion.
Sodium thiosulfate is mass produced and mainly used in gold mining. The compound is used to extract gold from its ores, especially when cyanide leaching isn't an option.
Another use is in photography, where it works as a fixer in film development. After the film has been exposed to light, sodium thiosulfate is used to rinse the film and remove unexposed silver ions. In textile and leather industries, sodium thiosulfate solution concentration can range between 5% and 10% (50-100g/L). This is used for dechlorination and detoxification purposes.
For agriculture, sodium thiosulfate is prepared in large quantities to be applied in farms. The compound comes in handy for treating soil problems, especially salt-affected soils. It helps in reducing soil salinity and improving soil health while providing essential sulfur nutrients to growing plants.
It's important to incorporate sodium thiosulfate into the top few inches of soil where plant roots can access the nutrients.
When acquiring sodium thiosulfate, buyers should consider several elements that impact the quality and suitability of the product for intended usage.
The primary factor when determining which sodium thiosulfate to buy is purity and quality. Since sodium thiosulfate has differing applications, the purity requirements also differ and must be met. The pharmaceutical grade must have a high level of purity and no harmful impurities to reduce the chances of secondary effects when treating various medical disorders.
Similarly, food-grade sodium thiosulfate must be of food-grade purity to ensure it is safe for consumption. Industrial grades may have lower purity levels to allow for large-scale use in mining or photography. However, they should be free from heavy metals and other toxins.
Stay keen on various properties of sodium thiosulfate, such as solubility, stability, and crystal size. They can impact how the compound mixes in solutions or how it reacts in various applications.
For instance, fine crystal sodium thiosulfate is ideal in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries, where it needs to be dissolved quickly for immediate reactions. On the other hand, industrial applications can effectively use bulk sodium thiosulfate with larger crystals since solubility is not a key factor.
If new to the chemicals industry, one should understand a few things regarding sourcing sodium thiosulfate. First are the minimum order quantities. They can significantly differ from one supplier to another, and so do the lead times. The two requirements can affect the buyer's operations if not considered properly.
Also, when choosing suppliers, one should consider them having all the necessary certifications to guarantee quality (ISO certification), especially when dealing with pharmaceutical or food-grade products.
The cost of sodium thiosulfate can be determined by various factors. These are purity, quality, and source. New buyers should prioritize purchasing in large quantities, as doing so often results in a higher discount.
Also, they should choose between local and overseas suppliers based on the shipping costs and time, which directly affect the business's operational costs.
A1: Sodium thiosulfate is commonly used to treat cystic fibrosis. It helps to reduce the amount of thick mucus produced in the lungs, which eases the symptoms of the disease.
A2: Sodium thiosulfate is made of sodium, sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen. A typical chemical formulation for pentahydrate is Na2S2O3·5H2O.
A3: Yes, sodium thiosulfate is good for the kidneys. It is used for treating a condition called chronic nephrocalcinosis. This helps to reduce calcium deposits in the kidneys and ease kidney stones.
A4: Buyers use industrial-grade sodium thiosulfate in industries like mining, photography, textile, and leather. They commonly use it to extract gold, develop films, bleach fabrics, and treat them.
A5: The active ingredients in sodium thiosulfate are sodium and thiosulfate ions. These components work together to counteract the effects of cyanide poisoning.
