Overhead water storage tanks

Types of overhead water storage tanks

Overhead water storage tanks are an integral part of the modern plumbing system that provides a constant supply of water. They can be categorized based on their material, design, and function.

• Material based tanks

  Such tanks are made of different materials. Plastic tanks, which are often made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), are corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and relatively easy to install. Besides, they are also available in various capacity sizes. Concrete tanks are usually used for large-scale water storage systems. They're installed at the ground level since the weight is heavy. Steel tanks are usually two types: galvanized and stainless. Galvanized tanks can resist rust, while stainless steel tanks are more durable and also have better health performance.

• Design based tanks

  The design of overhead water tanks affects how the water is stored and supplied. The typical option is the cylindrical water storage tank, which is a large round tank placed on a pole or other structure. They have an open top so that rainwater can get in or a closed top to keep stored water from evaporating. Another variant is the square water storage tank, which has become popular due to its ease of installation and space utilization.

• Function based tanks

  There are also pressure overhead water tanks and passive overhead water tanks. Pressure overhead water tanks are designed to create pressure in the plumbing system. They are usually placed above the point where water needs to be supplied. Passive overhead water tanks are used for passive water distribution systems. They are generally located above the user's location, relying on gravity to supply water.

Specification and maintenance of overhead water storage tanks

Proper maintenance of overhead tanks water is essential for ensuring durability, hygiene, and optimal performance. Regular cleaning and disinfection of tanks are significant. This includes draining the tank, thoroughly cleaning it with non-toxic disinfectants, and flushing it with clean water. Establishing a periodic cleaning schedule based on usage and water quality is crucial.

Regular inspections for leaks, cracks, and damage should be conducted. Prompt repairs should be made to maintain structural integrity and prevent water loss. Ventilation and access points should be ensured to avoid moisture buildup and the growth of fungus. Additionally, UV and algae growth in the tank can be prevented by ensuring that the tank is not exposed to direct sunlight.

Overhead water storage tank suppliers advise managing the overflow and drainage systems properly. This will help to prevent contamination from external sources. Using non-toxic chemical disinfectants and following local guidelines is essential. In cases where tanks are used to store potable water, it is ideal to engage professionals for cleaning and disinfection.

Depending on the tank material, specific care should be taken.

• Plastic/Polyethylene: Clean with mild soapy water and disinfect with non-toxic, biodegradable disinfectants. Avoid abrasive materials that could scratch the tank surface.
• Fiberglass: Use non-abrasive cleaners and disinfectants. Regularly inspect for cracks or damage and repair them promptly. Avoid harsh chemicals that could damage the fiberglass.
• Steel/Metal: For galvanized steel water storage tanks, clean with mild detergent and water. Regular inspect for rust and promptly treat any affected areas. Ensure proper ventilation to prevent moisture buildup. For stainless steel tanks, use biodegradable tanks to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae.
• Cement/Concrete: Use non-toxic disinfectants for cleaning. Inspect for leaks or cracks and repair promptly. Ensure the drainage system is well managed to prevent water stagnation.

In addition to the above, cleaning agents should be used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Thorough rinsing is essential to remove any residue and ensure water quality. Proper maintenance not only prolongs the tank but also safeguards the health of individuals relying on the stored water supply.

Uses of overhead water storage tanks

The uses of overhead water tanks are many due to their versatility.

• Rooftop tanks: The most common application for overhead water tanks. Water tanks placed on rooftops serve as a water distribution system for entire buildings.
• Rural water supply: In rural areas where there is no regular supply of municipal water, overhead tanks placed on rooftops can be utilized to collect and store rainwater, which can be used for domestic use by families.
• Reservoirs for hospitals, schools, and industrial facilities: Hospitals and schools often use overhead tanks for water storage because they are used to gathering large amounts of water. Industrial facilities with a constant need for water also use overhead tanks for water storage. Diverting water from overhead tanks for the main water supply helps businesses function without interruptions.
• Agriculture: Farmers or agricultural businesses with large overhead water tanks use them for irrigation and livestock drinking purposes. Overhead water tanks collect rainwater or are piped from municipal water systems. Irrigation systems such as sprinklers, which are fed through overhead tanks, help increase crop yields and productivity.
• Fire-fighting system: In the event of an emergency, overhead water tanks can be a system's water supply for firefighting. Water from an overhead tank fed through an underground piping system is used by fire hoses to extinguish fire outbreaks.
• Solar water heater: An overhead tank made out of metallic materials can be used to increase the temperature of the water through solar energy. Solar water heater tanks should be placed in a position with a lot of sunlight for the water to be heated effectively through solar energy. Regular maintenance of solar water tanks ensures that the system functions without a hitch, and water can be heated without using any electrical energy.

How to choose overhead water storage tanks

Apart from the chosen materials, other factors need to be considered when selecting overhead water storage tanks:

• Capacity: This refers to the volume of water the tank can hold. It is essential to determine how much water is needed on a daily basis. This may include taking into account hotel guests, personnel, production activities, and any other factors. Once the daily needs are identified, it is important to convert them into tank capacity. During the calculation, it is critical to factor in peak usage periods, such as during holidays or special events, to ensure an adequate supply of water.
• Footprint: The footprint or base area of an overhead water tank matters. It should be noted that as the footprint increases, the height of the tank can be reduced, making it easier to install and maintain the tank. However, a large footprint may require more extensive foundation work to support the tank. Therefore, it is crucial to weigh the benefits against the costs to determine the ideal footprint for the overhead water tank.
• Requires: When choosing an overhead water tank, it is essential to consider the installation requirements. This includes infrastructure requirements such as the strength of the roof or a supporting structure to hold the tank. At the same time, access requirements should also be considered, such as whether there is enough space and access to install the tank at the desired location.
• Cost: To make a well-informed decision when choosing an overhead water tank, it is crucial to consider not only the initial purchasing cost but also the total cost over the life cycle of the tank. This includes installation charges, maintenance costs, and any other associated expenses. By taking into account the long-term costs, it will be easier to choose a tank that is cost-effective and suitable for the budget in the long run.

Q & A

Q1: How long can water be stored in a water tank?

A1: Water is highly perishable. According to the CDC, it can be stored for no longer than six months. After this period, there is a high possibility that it contains harmful bacteria.

Q2: What is the best way to store water long term?

A2: The best way to store water is to use food-grade plastic storage containers such as overhead water storage tanks, water cubes, or water buckets.

Q3: Do water storage tanks need to be cleaned?

A3: Just like an overhead water tank, the storage tank will need cleaning. Regular cleaning of the tank helps to remove algae, bacteria, and other contaminants.

Q4: What is the life expectancy of a water tank?

A4: Fortunately, with proper maintenance, water tanks can last for decades. Typical lifespans are 20 years for plastic tanks, 25-30 years for fiberglass, and up to 100 years for concrete tanks.