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Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is a food seasoning discovered in a wide range of foodstuffs. Msg is produced from starch, maize, cassava, or sugarcane, and has the typical salt flavor that enhances cuisines. It happens naturally in some foods, including mushrooms, tomatoes, and cheese. MSG gives food a savory taste known as umami. Umami is the fifth fundamental flavor alongside sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
There are three primary types of MSG that are manufactured:
Cristalline MSG
Cristalline MSG is the most prevalent type of MSG today. Since it is in crystal form, it is the most prevalent and widely used food additive. Cristalline MSG is a white, odorless, and soluble crystalline powder. Because of its pure nature, it packs densely and is usually sold in bulk. It is commonly used in food processing, restaurant cooking, and at home to enhance the taste of foods. Cristalline MSG has a shelf life of 5 years when stored in a cool, dry place.
Liquid MSG
Liquid MSG is simply monosodium glutamate dissolved in water and salt. Liquid MSG is spray-dried onto foods to give them flavor during processing. Because it is already dissolved, liquid MSG is more readily absorbed by food than crystalline MSG. Crystal-free MSG is preferred by some because it dissolves quickly and easily in food. For instance, it comes in handy when preparing sauces and soups. It also mixes well with other liquid seasonings like soy sauce. Liquid MSG has a shorter shelf life of about 2 years. It also requires refrigeration to stay stable.
Granular MSG
Granular MSG is crystalline monosodium glutamate. Granular MSG is ground to a larger particulate size than crystalline MSG. It is usually produced to a mesh size of 60-80 microns. Granular MSG is often found in the food service and industrial sectors. It is supplied in bulk or large packaging. Some producers add anti-caking agents to prevent clumping when exposed to humidity. Granular MSG tends to not blend as uniformly with food as crystalline MSG, but it is easier to sprinkle and portion control because of its larger grain size.
Monosodium glutamate is a common food seasoning among individuals, but it also finds a wide range of industrial applications. These applications range from food processing to bioengineering industries. MSG is preferred by most industries because it is an affordable and highly effective flavor enhancer.
Food Industry
The food industry is the biggest consumer of MSG today. It uses monosodium glutamate to boost the umami of foods and improve taste and flavor. Processed and packaged foods use large-scale MSG to give products a savory taste. Meats, snacks, canned soups, frozen entrees, sauces, and seasonings use MSG to enhance their flavor. Msg manufacture supplies restaurants and food service businesses with the seasoning. It is used to prepare meals and add flavor to dishes served to customers. Msg manufacture also produces flavors that are sprayed onto snacks like chips, crackers, and pretzels to give them an umami taste.
Biotechnology
MSG is increasingly being utilized in biotechnology to produce amino acids, nucleotides, and other microbial metabolites. These compounds are crucial for bioreactor-based production processes. For instance, MSG acts as a primary nitrogen source for bacteria in fermentation processes. It aids in the production of industrially important amino acids like lysine, threonine, and tryptophan. Bacterial strains of microbes such as Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium are cultivated in MSG-based media. They produce amino acids harvested for animal feed, pharmaceuticals, and other food products. The MSG is utilized because it promotes cell growth and enhances the yield of desired products without being consumed completely.
Agriculture
In the agriculture industry, MSG is used in the production of fertilizers. The MSGs high glutamic acid content helps improve nitrogen utilization in plants. This leads to increased crop yields and improved overall plant health. Some fertilizers even contain MSG as a component to help with soil enrichment. The fertilizers give plants a strong nutrient base for healthy growth and development. Crop supplement formulations may also include MSG to enhance flavor development in fruits and vegetables. This helps produce more flavorful and marketable produce.
Pharmaceutical Industry
MSG is also present in the pharmaceutical industry. It is used as an excipient in several drugs. In these drugs, MSG acts as a sodium source and aids in flavor masking. The flavor masking helps make unpalatable medications more palatable, especially for pediatric formulations. Msg manufacture even produces injectable solutions for parenteral nutrition. These are administered to patients who cannot eat normally. MSG is included in these formulations to prevent glutamate deficiency and promote protein biosynthesis in patients.
This section looks at some of the key technical specifications of MSG manufacturers:
Chemical composition
MSG is a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It has a molecular formula of C5H8NNaO4. The compound has a molecular weight of 169 grams per mole. MSG is a water-soluble compound with a solubility of 740 grams per liter at room temperature. It has a melting point of 150 degrees Celsius. At its melting point, it degrades into other compounds and no longer retains its MSG properties.
Packaging
MSg manufacturers prepackage MSG in different package sizes depending on its intended market. For retail consumers, it is packaged in 200-300 gram increments in airtight jars or shaker containers. These are easily dispensed by consumers at home. Granular bulk packaging for food service uses such as 25-50 kg or 50-100 pound bags or sacks are common. The packaging is then designed for easy handling and storage in commercial kitchens or industrial settings. Bulk industrial packaging for manufacturers and large-scale users may be in supersacks or 1,000 kg /2,200 pound sacks. The sacks are oftentimes comprised of woven polypropylene or plastic film. This packaging preserves the quality and longevity of the MSG as an unexposed product to moisture and contaminants.
Storage
The storage conditions of monosodium glutamate are very critical to preserve its quality and extend its shelf life. The spice should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and at room temperature. High humidity and exposure to moisture should be avoided at all costs as it causes caking and clumping. For this reason, storage in airtight containers that are sealed properly is crucial to prevent moisture and pests from getting in. While crystalline and granular MSG are generally more stable, liquid MSG requires refrigeration to maintain its efficacy as a product. When exposed to high temperatures, liquid MSG denatures and changes its chemical composition. It may not be as effective as regular MSG in flavor enhancement. Proper storage helps maintain the potency and effectiveness of MSG as a product for users.
Here are some ways users can employ MSG:
At Home
Users can add MSG to soups, stews, and broths to enhance their umami flavor. Simply add a half teaspoon of MSG for every quart of soup and stir while simmering. It can be added to marinated meats, poultry, and seafood to deepen flavor profiles. Add a teaspoon to marinades and let the meat soak before grilling or roasting. MSG can even be sprinkled on fruits and vegetables like tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, or corn to boost their natural flavor. Mix a quarter teaspoon with olive oil and brush on veggies or sprinkle directly before grilling.
In Food Service
Restaurants can use MSG in sauces, gravies, and condiments like ketchup and barbecue sauce to promote richness. Add MSG to sauces before serving to give them a flavor boost. Dine-in and take-out businesses can add MSG to fries, popcorn, or nuts to give them additional savoriness. Fast food joints can mix MSG with salt to season fried foods. It enhances their flavor profile and masks the bland taste of large quantities of fried food.
In Food Manufacturing
Canned goods manufacturers use MSG in vegetables and legumes to heighten their flavor and counteract any bitterness. It deepens the natural sweetness and balances the watery flavor of canned beets and zucchini squash. Snack food companies use MSG in chips, pretzels, and popcorn to make them irresistible. It is added to savory snacks during seasoning application to give them an umami boost. MSG is used in frozen meals and seasoned rice and pasta packages to impart a freshly cooked flavor. Manufacturers of seasoned salts blend MSG into their products for customers to experience added flavor in any dish.
Msg manufacturers have an established prevalent quality control systems that ensure the product meets food safety and quality standards. The prominent quality control measures nessited in the manufacturing process are discussed below:
Raw Material Quality
Before manufacturing, all raw materials such as starch, molasses, and sugarcane are inspected for purity and quality. This is done to ensure they meet the required standards for MSG production. Core ingredients have to be free from contaminants and chemicals that aren't approved for use in food products.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
Monosodium glutamate manufacturers implement HACCP principles to identify and mitigate potential hazards. This is done during production, processing, and handling stages. This helps ensure that the MSG is manufactured with food safety as a top priority.
Monitoring and Testing
While in production, key parameters such as pH, temperature, and concentration are monitored. This ensures the manufacturing process is controlled properly. It is done to guarantee product consistency and quality. Lab tests are conducted on the final MSG product. The tests are usually for purity, potency, and the presence of contaminants. Only products that meet these strict quality standards are approved for distribution and further use.
Like quality control, safety standards are critical to consider in monoammonium glutamate manufacturing. Especially since MSG is widely used across various industries. Relevant safety standards considered in this section include:
Purity Standards
These standards provide that MSG must not contain any harmful impurities such as heavy metals, chemical residues, or unapproved additives. These standards ensure that the MSG marketed to consumers and businesses has to be safe and healthful.
Allergen and Contaminant Testing
Manufacturers test their MSG for allergens like gluten or soy derivatives. They also conduct testing to ensure there are no microbial contaminants like bacteria or mold. This is critical to prevent product contamination, especially for people who have a gluten allergy or intolerance.
Labeling and Usage Guidelines
These standards solutions specify that monoammonium phosphate products be labeled clearly and correctly. It helps consumers and businesses understand the proper uses of the products as well as any potential allergens or side effects. This prevents misuse or overconsumption of the product which can have adverse health consequences.
Contrary to popular opinion and belief, monosodium glutamate is not harmful and does not cause health problems. Extensive studies have shown that moderate consumption of MSG is safe for the general populace. The FDA even classifies it as safe and graces it as generally recognized as safe (GRA). Some people have a negative sensitivity to monosodium glutamate. For these people, it can cause mild symptoms like headaches, flushing, or sweating. This is only a small percentage of the population that is sensitive to MSG.
Therefore, it is a reputable product that people with no sensitivity can safely use without the fear of negative health implications. In fact, food manufacturers add MSG to foods as a flavor enhancer to capitalize on its umami taste and make the food more delicious. It is an indispensable product. People even go out of their way to get food fortified with MSG. They do this because they consider it a better meal when fortified with MSG.
To store monosodium glutamate properly, put the spice in an airtight container. The container should then be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and other heat sources. These reduce the quality and effectiveness of the flavor enhancer. Heat, moisture, and exposure to air can lead to the degradation or caking of MSG. This makes it less effective as a product. Further, it causes the flavor profile to change and become bland. For users, even though it's okay to store MSG in the pantry alongside other kitchen staples, it should be stored separately from any food items to avoid flavor cross-contamination.
Moreover, while crystalline and granular MSG are relatively stable, liquid MSG requires refrigeration to maintain its efficacy. With the proper storage conditions in place, the potency and effectiveness of MSG are maintained for its intended use. This ensures that the spice maintains its flavor-enhancing properties for the user.
Monosodium glutamate is safe for kids with no known sensitivity to the spice. Just like adults, kids can consume MSG in moderation without adverse health effects. However, it is always advisable to consult with a pediatrician or healthcare professional before introducing new food additives to a child's diet.
It's worth noting that the body metabolizes MSG like any other form of glutamate that occurs naturally in foods. Hence, it poses no health threat. Kids can even find MSG enhanced foods more delicious, and they will indulge in such food more frequently. This flavor enhancement benefit is what makes it easier for food manufacturers to cater to children and adults alike using MSG.