Geofoam blocks

Types of geofoam blocks

Geofoam blocks are lightweight, closed-cell foam blocks used in civil engineering and construction projects. These blocks are made from expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, which is durable and resistant to moisture. Geofoam blocks are used to reduce the load on underlying soils, provide insulation, and fill in areas where soil erosion or settling has occurred.

Geofoam blocks come in different sizes, shapes, and types. Here are the various types of geofoam blocks:

• EPS Geofoam Blocks

  EPS geofoam blocks are the most commonly used. They are made of expanded polystyrene foam. These blocks are characterized by their lightweight, high compressive strength, and insulation properties. They are widely used in embankment fill applications, foundation load distribution, and soil settlement mitigation. EPS blocks are cost-effective and easily manufactured in different densities and sizes.

• XPS Geofoam Blocks

  XPS geofoam blocks are made of extruded polystyrene foam. Compared to EPS blocks, XPS blocks have a denser and more rigid cellular structure. They are characterized by their high compressive strength and low thermal conductivity. XPS blocks are suitable for applications where moisture and thermal insulation are critical, such as in cold climates or below-grade construction. Their durability and resistance to moisture make them ideal for use in foundations and retaining walls.

• Reinforced Geofoam Blocks

  These are EPS or XPS blocks reinforced with materials such as geogrids, geotextiles, or polymeric components. The reinforcement increases the load-bearing capacity and stability of the foam. They are used in applications requiring high performance under heavy loads or challenging conditions, such as slopes or cantilevered structures.

• Vertical and Horizontal Geofoam Blocks

  Vertical geofoam blocks are placed perpendicular to the ground, while horizontal blocks are laid parallel to the ground. Vertical blocks are often used in wall applications, such as retaining walls, to resist lateral earth pressures. Horizontal blocks are used in applications such as road and pavement subgrades, where a broad, continuous load distribution is required.

• Specialty Geofoam Blocks

  These blocks consist of various additives to enhance specific properties. Example additives include fire retardants, biodegradables, or compressive strength enhancers. Specialty geofoam blocks are tailored for specific applications, such as environmentally friendly construction or projects requiring specific fire resistance.

Function and Feature of Geofoam Blocks

Geofoam blocks have numerous features that make them effective lightweight fill materials. These include:

• Lightweight

  Geo foam blocks are exceptionally lightweight. Rigid polystyrene foam has a density of 0.8 to 1.0 g/cm3. This makes geo-foam blocks up to 90% lighter than soil or aggregate. For instance, a soil fill block with a similar volume weighs 90% more than a geo foam block. Its lightness means geo foam blocks have a lower load on the subsoil. This minimizes the risk of soil settlement or deformation. The lower load also reduces the pressure exerted on underlying soils. This makes geofoam blocks suitable for use on weak or sensitive soils.

• Compressive Strength

  Geo foam blocks have high compressive strength, which can be up to 200 kPa. This makes it capable of withstanding high loads and pressures without significant deformation. The compressive strength enables the block to be used as a base support layer in road and railway construction. Their compressive strength provides structural integrity and stability in applications like foundation backfill.

• Thermal Insulation

  These blocks offer exceptional thermal insulation. With an R-value of up to 4.0 per inch of thickness, it has a low thermal conductivity of about 0.030 W/mK. This means it can effectively resist heat flow. The insulation maintains a stable temperature under the foam blocks. This reduces the risk of frost heave and soil expansion. The insulation also protects pipelines, foundations, and other structures from extreme temperatures. This prevents thermal-related stresses and damages.

• Moisture Resistance

  Geo foam blocks possess a closed-cell structure. This makes it have a high resistance to water penetration and moisture. The moisture resistance helps to prevent the growth of mold, fungi, and other organic materials. This improves its durability and maintains its structural integrity. Its resistance to water also reduces the risk of soil erosion and leaching. This protects the environment and underlying ecosystems.

• Ease of Handling

  These blocks are easy to handle and transport. Their light weight makes manual handling possible without heavy machinery assistance. This reduces construction time and costs. The ease of handling also allows for simple cutting and shaping to fit different designs and sizes.

• Environmental Benefits

  Geofoam blocks are made from recycled materials. For example, expandable polystyrene (EPS) is produced from petrochemicals. Their recyclability reduces waste and promotes sustainability. These blocks have a long lifespan. Their resistance to moisture, pests, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation means it can be reused multiple times. The lightweight nature reduces the amount of material needed and lowers the energy consumption of transportation.

Scenarios of geofoam blocks

There are several applications of geofoam blocks. The following are some of the common scenarios where geofoam blocks are applicable.

• Lightweight Fill Applications

  Geofoam blocks serve as lightweight fills in embankments, foundations, and backfills. They reduce the load on underlying soils and structures in road and railway projects, foundations of buildings, and backfills in slopes and retaining walls. This minimizes settlement and increases stability.

• Insulation

  Geofoam blocks have high R-values that offer thermal insulation. They are used in the construction of roads, pavements, and foundations. They help maintain stable temperatures in structures and reduce the need for supplemental heating or cooling.

• Drainage

  Some geofoam blocks are designed with a closed-cell, hydrophobic, or textured surface. This facilitates controlled water movement and prevents waterlogging. They are used in applications such as green roofs, embankments, and pavement structures.

• Stability and Settlement Control

  These blocks control settlements and provide stability. Their lightweight nature reduces consolidation and differential settlement. This makes them ideal for use in sensitive environments like marshy areas and unstable soils.

• Earthquake Resistance

  Geofoam blocks improve seismic performance by reducing seismic loads and lateral pressures. Their use in earthquake-prone areas protects infrastructure and minimizes damage during seismic activity.

• Access Platforms

  Large geofoam blocks create temporary or permanent access platforms for construction activities in challenging terrains. They provide stable working surfaces for equipment and personnel in wetland areas and soft soils.

• Environmental Remediation

  Lightweight foam fills support cap construction in contaminated sites. They control contaminant migration and minimize groundwater impact. Additionally, their buoyancy can help in the recovery of subsurface contaminants.

• Hydraulic Structures

  These blocks are used in levees, dikes, and flood protection walls. Their low weight reduces pressure on water and soil bodies, and their insulation properties minimize erosion and freezing/thawing cycles.

• Infrastructure Development

  Geofoam blocks are indispensable in road and highway construction, airport runways, railways, and light rail transit systems. They provide a stable and durable foundation while enhancing the longevity of infrastructure.

How to choose geofoam blocks

• Location and climate:

  The location where the project is being built will affect what kind of geo foam blocks should be used. Areas with a lot of rain, snow, or heat will require blocks that can withstand the weather. Coastal sites near the ocean will also need special foam because of the salt water. It's important to think about the climate before choosing geo foam.

• Load-bearing capacity:

  Geo foam comes in different types that each can hold a certain amount of weight. Some are made to support more pressure than others. Consider how much weight the foam will need to carry for its intended use. Types of geo foam that can handle heavier loads should be selected for projects demanding greater strength.

• Cost:

  When deciding on the geo foam blocks to buy, the total amount that needs to be spent should be considered. Different foams have different prices. It's a good idea to first look at the project requirements and then compare those to the available geo foam options and their costs. This allows for choosing a geo foam that meets the project needs without going over budget.

• Quality and supplier:

  The geo foam's quality is very important for how well it will work in the project. It's best to pick a reliable supplier who provides geo foams that are high quality and properly made. A trusted supplier will ensure the foam will perform as expected without problems.

• Ease of handling and installation:

  Geo foam blocks that are easier to work with and install can help things go more smoothly. Some foams are lighter or simpler to put together than others. Considering how simple the geo foam will be to handle on-site and set up can save time and hassle during construction.

• Environmental considerations

  When picking geo foam, think about how it will affect the environment. Some foams are better for the planet than others. If sustainability is important for the project, look for geo foams made from recycled materials or that can be recycled again later.

geofoam blocks Q & A

Q1: What are the sizes of geofoam blocks?

A1: The blocks come in different sizes and shapes. The size of the blocks can vary from a few feet in length to more extensive, several meters long. The height and width also differ, with some blocks having a few inches in height and width, while others are more extensive. The size and shape of the blocks depend on the intended use and the manufacturers' options.

Q2: What are the disadvantages of geofoam?

A2: Despite having many advantages, geofoam also has disadvantages. One of the critical disadvantages is that it is not biodegradable. This poses a significant environmental risk when the blocks are disposed of at the end of their life. The blocks are also susceptible to UV radiation, which weakens its structural integrity when exposed to sunlight for a prolonged period.

Q3: How long do geo foam blocks last?

A3: The life expectancy of geo foam blocks is between 50 to 100 years. However, this depends on several factors, like the environmental conditions, the type of block, and the materials used in making the blocks. Their longevity also depends on how the blocks are used and the installation process.