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The automotive industry usually separates ignition systems into several important categories. All these types feature distinct characteristics and fit different engines' needs. Below, are the most common ones.
This type of ignition system is mainly used in older cars. These systems offer a simple yet effective way of operating. Centrifugal distributors use a set of weights that move outward as the engine RPM increases. The farther the weights move outward, the higher the rotation speed; the result is that it provides automatic ignition timing adjustment. This kind of distributor cannot adjust itself at lower RPM because the weights are not flapping out. At lower RPM, the timing is fixed. This feature made it popular for two-stroke ignition systems. It also had limited use in older four-stroke engine models. Another advantage is that it is simple and affordable.
Ford distributors introduced in the 1980s had an ignition coil inside the distributor. That means it would not need separate coils to produce the spark necessary for the ignition. It resembled the older types of centrifugal distributors but with a key improvement: electric control. Instead of relying on mechanical parts alone, these systems used sensors to control the spark timing. This feature made them more precise and suited for later model engines.
These distributors are also known as VR distributors. They are commonly used in General Motors vehicles and other brands' ignition systems. Variable reluctor distributors feature a simple yet effective design. They use a sensor that detects the engine position to control ignition timing. This system relied on magnets and sensors rather than solely mechanical parts. This feature gave it an edge in precision over earlier ignition systems. The distributor would adjust timing based on the feedback received by the sensor as the engine revolved, ensuring optimal ignition in different RPM ranges.
Loss-of-signal or LOS distributors are important for understanding how modern systems work. These distributors use microelectronics to control ignition. Unlike older types that used mechanical or magnetic systems to provide the signal, these full electronic systems could control the ignition precisely. These systems found applications in many late-model vehicles, especially those introduced in the 2000s. These systems ensure spark timing was adjusted based on real-time engine feedback, enhancing ignition efficiency and cut down emissions drastically.
Each type of ignition system comes with distinct features that are important. These features determine the application's suitability, efficiency, and technical aspects.
Modern distributor ignition systems automatically adjust the spark plug's timing based on engine speed and load. They do this using various sensors that detect operating conditions. The system then sends signals to the ignition coil. This leads to efficient combustion at all engine RPMs. It is as differentiated from older models, which had fixed timing adjustable only by mechanical means. This feature improves power output, fuel efficiency, and decreases emissions.
Capacitance refers to a system's ability to store and release electrical energy within the ignition coil. The higher the coil's capacitance, the more energy it can store and release during the spark.
High capacitance coils produce stronger sparks. This means they are required in high-performance or large engine applications. That allows for better fuel atomization and effective combustion. On the other hand, low capacitance coils might suffice in smaller engines or less demanding operations because they need lower energy for combustion.
Quicker timing refers to how fast the system can adjust the timing of the spark. Quick timing is crucial in high-performance engines that frequently change speed. The ignition system quickly adjusts spark timing based on engine feedback. It ensures consistent performance under varying loads and speeds. Quick ignition timing correction improves combustion efficiency. That reduces unburned fuel emissions and heat damage to engine components.
Electronic distributor ignition systems have very low maintenance needs. They have no need for mechanical parts, such as breaker points, to replace or adjust. This feature made them popular over older systems that required regular maintenance.
Reduced maintenance led to lower overall vehicle maintenance costs. That was particularly important in commercial use and consumer applications. Low maintenance also extended the system's lifespan and improved system reliability. This feature ensured consistent performance over extended periods without the system's need for tune-ups or part replacements.
Improvements in emission controls directly affect the environment and adhere to regulatory standards. Compared to older ignition systems, modern ones reduce fuel emissions by up to 50%. They have efficient combustion processes that ensure all fuel goes into producing energy and not into polluting the air.
Installing a distributor ignition system requires understanding several elements. The factors below affect performance, compatibility, and overall effectiveness.
Engine type determines the kind of distributor ignition system to be used. Four-stroke engines demand different systems than two-stroke ones. Two-stroke engines are simpler and typically use centrifugal distributors. They are a lot older, after all. Meanwhile, four-stroke engines require more modern distributors. They need systems like variable reluctor or electronic ignition plate magnetic pickups because they are more advanced and demand more from the distributor. So, a good number of metal carburetors are fitted into two-stroke engines, whereas plastic ones are fitted into four-stroke engines. Thus, understanding the engine type helps in choosing the right ignition system.
The available space will largely depend on the ignition system type used. Older ignition systems, including centrifugal ignitions, are larger because they have more mechanical parts. They require more space, especially in the mounting area. Newer systems like electronic ignition distributors are more compact. They have fewer mechanical parts and are easier to fit into tight spaces.
Resistor heat is an important consideration during installation. Distributors are usually located near other engine components that generate a lot of heat. These include exhaust manifolds and engines themselves. This means that when installing a distributor, ensure it can withstand a lot of heat. Heat can warp or damage the distributor and affect its performance. If it affects its performance, it then affects the system's performance too. Also, ensure there is enough airflow around it. Enough airflow will help keep the temperature down during operation.
Torque requirements depend on the engine size and power output. Larger, high-performance engines need stronger ignition coils to generate enough voltage to spark all the plugs. Smaller engines can get away with using weaker coils. The distributor should also handle all the centrifugal forces generated by the engine. If it fails to do this task, it might lead to wear and tear and affect the coil's ability to generate sufficient voltage, hence affecting the overall performance.
Maintaining a distributor ignition system ensures optimal performance and longevity. Below are some maintenance tips to sustain the distributors' effectiveness and prevent malfunctions the users probably won.
Inspect the distributor cap and rotor for cracks, corrosion, or excessive wear. The cap and rotor are the main components, so they should not have any visible physical damage or even accumulation of moisture. Check for rust or debris, which can affect performance. Run each part through a moisture and dirt test because they've been there for a while. Conduct this inspection frequently, depending on the season. For instance, do it often during winter because cold seasons are known for creating moisture. Do it less during hot seasons. Replace damaged parts accordingly. Replace the distributor cap as soon as possible to prevent poor connections, leading to ignition failure.
Moisture can cause short circuits and misfires, so keep the distributor dry. Use a cloth to wipe off accumulated moisture around the area. Also, place a hard cover over the distributor to keep off the rain when parked outside. Use silicone grease on the terminals to reduce moisture absorption. This grease acts as a barrier between the terminal and the water. Make sure not to apply water inside the terminals. During maintenance, do not wash or wipe the inner part of the cap. Leave it dry and clean.
Apply a little bit of lubricant on the mechanical advance mechanism and other moving parts. This ensures that all the moving parts do not get rust over time. It also ensures that the lubricated parts do not wear out fast as they keep on moving. Make sure to use the right lubricant oil for this task. Do not oversaturate the moving parts with too much oil because it might cause a mess. Too much oils can also attract dirt and dust. Oils deposited in the wrong places can also damage the inner parts of the cap. Use a cloth to wipe out excess oils.
Salty air, high-humidity environments, and high-temperature ones fluctuate a lot from one extreme to another. Salt air leads to corrosion, humidity creates moisture and a possibility of shorts, and high temperature warps components. All these effects combine to slow down the system and maybe even damage it.
Distributor ignitions run hotter than coil-on plugs because they have to generate higher voltages to send signals to multiple plugs at once. More voltage means more heat. COPs have individual coils that control their heat generation. This makes it easier for them to manage heat.
Regular maintenance, avoiding harsh environmental conditions, and using quality components help a lot in extending the life of a distributed ignition system. It is more alive than ever, with frequent inspections, good lubrication, and ensuring proper heat dissipation. Quality parts also ensure the system does not wear out fast.
Yes, it is possible. But one has to ensure the new electronic distributor is compatible with the old ignition coil. Old mechanical distributors sometimes require modifications for proper installation. One has to take care of this aspect as well.
