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Armatures of DC motors utilize direct current to generate magnetic fields and induce motion. They are mainly found in internal structures of DC motors. Most armatures consist of coils winding and conductors rotating around which a number of generated electromotive forces will be induced.
Of the different types of DC motors armatures, they are as follows:
Wound Armature
The wound armature is, without question, a prevalent DC motor form, specifically a DC motor with a compound or series field. It is composed of copper wire coils, which are wound into the core of the iron.
The coils are able to generate corresponding magnetic field when electric current flows through them. Wound armatures are usually applied in high load and low speed situations where powerful magnetic fields are wanted.
Segmented Armature
The segmented armature is another motor form, which is situated in smaller DC motors, like toy motors or precision motors. Rather than being a complete coil or winding, the segmented armature contains copper coils or wires which are wound on sections or segments of an iron core.
This segmented construction helps to improve the efficiency of the motor by reducing ohmic resistance. Segmented armatures are ideal for low power and high speed applications.
Permanent Magnet Armature
If the armature's magnetic field is provided by a permanent magnet, it is known as a permanent magnet armature. This type of armature is mainly applied in small DC motors where power supply is limited, for example, portable devices.
Since permanent magnets are used to provide the magnetic fields instead of field coils, this makes the motor's construction relatively simplistic. However, its armature incorporates a coil of wire wound around the iron core, thus enabling an induced electromotive force.
Yoke Mounted Armature
A yoke mounted armature is found in large DC motors. In yoke mounted armature, the armature is attached to the yoke rather than spinning within bearings. This type of armature is used in heavy duty industrial applications.
Yoke mounting helps to facilitate stability and increase durability. The armature still has the coil of wire, which is wound around the iron core, facilitating the motion generation.
Coreless Armature
Coreless armatures are used in miniature DC motors or high precision devices. In coreless armatures, the coils of wire are arranged in a hollow cylindrical form. Coreless armatures help to reduce the motor's overall mass and increase responsiveness.
This design eliminates the iron core, which means the motor will accelerate up and decelerate down more quickly. Coreless armatures are also ideal when the application requires high level precision.
Magnetic Field Generation
The primary role of the armature is to generate the magnetic filed, through the winding of the coil on the armature. When there is an electric current flowing through the coil, the magnetic field will be generated.
Interaction between the magnetic field and the magnetic field of the motor's permanent magnet or field coils results into a force that will turn the armature and help produce rotation.
Mechanical Energy Conversion
As aforementioned, the function of an armature is to create torque. The strong interaction between the magnetic fields leads to the generation of the rotation of the armature. This provides conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Commutation
The armature of a DC motor is mounted with a commutator, a device that plays a critical role in the operation of the motor. The commutator is implicated in reversing or commuting the direction of the current flowing through the coil.
This ensures that the magnetic field will be always aligned in the same direction, thus providing smooth and continuous rotation. The commutation process help in maintenance and also enable the stability of the motor during operation.
This Armature Consists Of
A dynamotor armature is made of different components. They include rotor, commutator, and winding. The rotor is the rotating portion of the armature. Most of it is made of iron, providing a magnetic field.
The commutator is mounted on the rotor. It is basically segmented device, which helps in the regulation of the current flow through the winding. The winding is the copper wire coil, which is wrapped around the rotor.
During rotation, electric current passes through the winding. The produced magnetic field interacts with the likeliness of the field and causes rotation.
Working Principle Of The Armature
The armature works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. This principle states that an electric current passing through a coil of wire will generate a magnetic field. When the armature rotates in a magnetic field, the induced current will create magnetic field.
Basically, what this means is that the interaction between the magnetic field of the armature and field will result in the generation of torque. This is the force responsible for rotating the armature.
Components Of The Armature
The armature is comprised of several components. They include core, winding, and commutator. The commutator is a crucial component in converting AC into DC. In other words, the commutator's function is allowing only the DC component of the output pass through while blocking the AC component.
The winding provides a conductive path for generating the magnetic field. Thus, the armature is designed to efficiently convert alternating current into direct current.
DC motor uses electric current through the armature winding to create magnetic field and generate motion. When looking to buy DC motor armatures, there are several factors one needs to consider. They include:
Winding Material
Most DC motor armatures are made of copper wire. This is due to the high level of conductivity. A few are made of aluminum. Copper wires provide a longer lifespan compared to aluminum wires. They reduce operational costs in the long run.
Universal Motor Armature
Universal motor armature is a good consideration for those looking for a versatile motor. This type of motor can conveniently operate both on AC and DC power sources. They are suitable for household appliances, power tools, and small electronics that require portable and flexible motor solutions.
High-Torque Armatures
Armatures with a high torque are ideal for demanding applications. Such applications include machinery, electric vehicles, and robotics. These armatures are designed with sophisticated coils and stronger magnets.
The superior torque enables them to easily handle heavier loads, climb inclines, or power through more challenging working environments.
Size And Compatibility
It is imperative to look at the size and compatibility first before getting an armature. The armature should be proportional to the size of the motor for efficacy. Also, the armature should be compatible with the motor one uses to ensure effectiveness. Since each motor has unique specifications, one must consult the manufacturer's recommendations.
Speed/Current Characteristics
Consider the speed and current characteristics of the DC m0otor armature. Find an armature with the desirable speed characteristics for the application. Ensure the armature can handle appropriate current levels without overheating.
Check the armature's specifications and ensure they are in a reasonable established range. This will guarantee the efficiency and performance in the long run.
A1: The primary role of the armature in a DC motor is to generate magnetic field through the coil winding. This interaction causes the armature to rotate and thus produce mechanical energy.
A2: An armature is the component of a motor that rotates. It generates a magnetic field in response to an electric current.
A3: The four key components of a DC motor include the stator, rotor, commutator, and brushes. Each of these components works together to ensure the motor operates smoothly and effectively.
A4: The materials that are mainly used in constructing DC motor armatures include copper. Copper is a majorly preferred material due to its conductivity and efficiency in electric current flow.
A5: Some common problems that may arise with DC motor armatures over time include wear and tear, electrical shorting, poor commutation and overheating. These problems may affect the performance of the motor.
