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Electronic parts can be split into active and passive groups. While active components generate, control, or amplify electric energy, passive components do not need electric energy to function.
Some of the most significant electronic materials in this category are essential electronic items.
A diode is a semiconducting element that allows current to flow in one way and blocks it in another. Essentially, a diode is a direction control switch for current flow. The rectification effect of diodes was discovered in 1873. Diodes are used for voltage regulation, signal mixing, and demodulation. They are also used in computers and other equipment.
Transistors are composed of three terminals connected with semiconducting materials such as silicon. They serve as current regulators and can be used as amplifiers or switches. Transistors, first manufactured in 1947, replaced vacuum tubes in various applications. Computer CPUs contain billions of transistors.
Integrated circuits (ICs) are electrical devices containing numerous components to accomplish a particular task. ICs are used in nearly every electronic device. Stereo systems, cell phones, and televisions all contain integrated circuits.
These basic electronic components are required to make a circuit complete.
A resistor is a device that limits or controls current flow. It accomplishes this by introducing resistance into an electrical circuit. Ohm's Law governs resistors by connecting voltage, current, and resistance through the equation V=IR. They are used in electronic circuits to protect, adjust, and set voltages and currents.
Capacitors store electric energy by gathering an electric charge on their plates. They build energy up for future use in the circuit and release it on demand. Capacitors are employed for energy storage in motor start circuits, power supplies, and audio equipment.
An inductor is a coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when current flows through it. Inductors have the capacity to store electric energy as magnetic energy. They block alternating current (AC) while letting direct current (DC) pass through. Inductors are used in filters, oscillators, and tune circuits.
Basic electronic components have multiple data applications in the industry, including:
Basic electronic components modify and enhance weak signals picked up by sensors in industrial machinery. Signal processors amplify and convert them into a more usable form. The machine then utilizes these signals to carry out specific programmed operations. Basic electronic components like capacitors and resistors filter and clean these signals for better accuracy in performance.
Basic electronic components collect data from sensors and send it to a data acquisition (DA) system to analyze and monitor the performance of industrial systems. For example, transistors switch on and off in response to sensor signals, while analog-to-digital converters convert the sensor output to digital for processing. This helps to efficiently monitor work and boost productivity.
Control systems in industries rely on basic electronic components to function. These systems govern the operation of equipment by processing input signals in a specified way. For instance, microcontrollers execute programmed instructions to send response signals based on sensor inputs. Capacitors hold charge to smooth voltage fluctuations and provide stable power supply for these control systems.
Basic electronic components also help create communication systems in data transmission. For example, diodes rectify and modulate signals for wireless communication. Transmitters send and receive data for wireless communication, and antennas operate on inductors and capacitors. They enable remote management and monitoring of industrial equipment and processes.
Resistors reduce power losses and enhance power efficiency in energy management systems. Thus, they control and convert electrical energy using basic electronic components. For instance, power transistors switch large electric currents to control motors or other high-power devices. Capacitors store electric energy in energy management systems for quick use when needed.
Resistors
Resistance is often measured in ohms. Ohm is equal to one volt per one ampere. It indicates how much the resistor may restrict electric current. Wattage signifies the highest amount of power it can handle before being damaged by excessive heat. E12 and E24 series are some common values of electrical components in a resistor.
Capacitors
Capacitance is measured in microfarads (µF) or picofarads and refers to the ability of a capacitor to hold an electric charge. Voltage rating, which indicates the highest voltage a capacitor can withstand without breaking, is another essential specification. This component's failure can occur when operating at voltages near its rated capacity.
Inductors
Inductance is a primary measurement in henries (H) for inductors. It indicates the quantity of inductance a coil has for storing magnetic energy. DC resistance (DCR) reflects how much resistance the coil possesses towards the flow of direct current. Core material used in an inductor influences its inductance and saturation behavior.
Diodes
Diodes possess a property called forward voltage drop (Vf) that allows current to move in a specified direction. Different diodes have distinct Vf values. Peak inverse voltage (PIV) is a rating that reflects the maximum reverse voltage a diode can handle. Beyond this value, the diode may get damaged.
Transistors
Transistors contain three primary parameters: current gain, collector-emitter voltage, and collector current. The current gain refers to how much output current is amplified by input current. While the collector-emitter voltage indicates the maximum voltage between the collector and emitter, the collector current shows the maximum current the transistor can carry.
Resistors
Identify the circuit location where a resistor needs to be placed. The 2-leg connected component can be inserted into a solderless breadboard or circuit board. Note that the legs can be mounted on IC sockets if using an integrated circuit. Mount the resistor in position and ensure its legs are well secured. Finally, solder the legs to the board if using a circuit board.
Capacitors
Locate space where a capacitor after inserting the 2-leg polarized capacitor. Ensure to match the negative and positive lead with the right terminal. Ensure to mount the component properly, then solder the connections. Replace capacitance for less power-hungry types without polarity. They can be secured without mounting them on the prototype board.
Inductors
Inductors are mounted onto PCBs just like resistors and capacitors, usually through soldering. The wire coiled magnetic components can be integrated into circuits and power electronic devices. They can also be connected to power supplies, amplifiers, filters, and oscillators.
Diodes
Identify the direction of the diode, then place it in the appropriate position. It will ensure that the current goes through a circuit. For a circuit with multiple diodes, integrate diode bridge and connect them. Then, mount components to PCB by soldering them to the circuit board.
Transistors
Identify the base, emile, and collector terminals of a transistor. After that, place it carefully in position on breadboard or PCB. For circuits using multiple transistors, many people will mount them onto a single transistor board. Use soldering to secure components to the circuit board.
How to Use Basic Electronic Components
Multimeter enables users to maintain and repair basic electronic components. It measures voltage, current, and resistance. Then analyses electrical signals and goes to work. It also helps diagnose faulty capacitors by measuring capacitance to check if they are still in good condition.
Maintenance Tips
Keep components clean and dry to prevent damage. Frequently check and inspect them for signs of wear and tear, then replace damaged components immediately. Properly store unused components in a dry and dust-free environment when not in use. Generally ensure the functioning of the components; give them a good run-check.
Repair Options
Bases of electronic items can be repaired or replaced to save costs and extend their lifetime. Small parts that are worn out can be soldered back or reattached to the main circuit board. Only in extreme cases where the damage is beyond repair should the components be thrown away.
Choose capacitor suppliers that offer good products to ensure capacitors store electric charges safely and securely without leakage. Buy products that are made of quality materials. They last longer and resist wear and tear. Check reviews from previous customers to determine the capability of the components. This helps avoid invest in low-quality electronic products.
Purchase essential electronic items from reputable manufacturers. People who have been in the industry for long will certainly know what people want. More importantly, ensure they use quality materials for production. Do manufacturers perform quality tests on electronic components before distributing them? Avoid products without documentation or specifications.
Use electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist straps to prevent components from being damaged due to sudden electric discharge. Internal capacitors and power transistors are potent and can still give off electric discharge even after being unplugged. A multimeter helps test power transistors, diodes, and other components. It gives the electric value of each component to users so they can know how safe to handle them. Use insulated tools such as screwdrivers and pliers when working with electronic parts.
A1: They are key building blocks of different electrical products. Active components that require power to operate, such as transistors, and passive components that do not require power to work, like resistors, capacitors, and inductors, are included. Diodes, capacitors, transistors, integrated circuits (IC), and more are examples of basic electronic components.
A2: It stores electrical energy and then releases it to stabilize voltage and power supply variations in electronic devices. It functions like a sponge by soaking excess current and smoothly discharging it to maintain constant voltage. It also helps in blocking direct current while allowing alternate current to pass through.
A3: Resistance is the ability of substances to resist current flow. Capacitance is the electric charge storage ability of a capacitor per unit of voltage. Inductance is the capacity of a conductor to store magnetic energy by restraining the flow of current.
A4: To prevent ESD and keep electronic items safe, always wear ESD wrist straps before carrying any electronic gadgets. Avoid working on them when the weather is too dry or humid. Use insulated tools and work on an ESD mat. Store electronic components in antistatic bags when not in use.
