Types of ATEX cables
An ATEX cable is an explosion-proof cable that conforms to the ATEX directives, which are guidelines for equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres in the European Union. ATEX-approved cables are made of specific materials designed to prevent explosions in areas where flammable gas or dust is present. The specifications for ATEX cables depend on the nature of the material, gas, or dust that could cause an explosion. ATEX cables have different types of jackets that protect the inner conductors from such materials.
According to the ATEX directives, an atex cable must be safe in explosive or potentially explosive environments. Cables used in explosive environments must be suitable for II, including categories 1 through 3, and can be used for gases and vapors (IIA, IIB, IIC). They can also be used for dust (D) and have temperature classes (T1 to T6). The T classes depend on the maximum temperature of the equipment. ATEX cables have various certifications, including II 2 G for protection against explosive gases, II 2 D for protection against explosive dust, and II 3 G and II 3 D for equipment for use in less hazardous locations.
ATEX cables come in several types, including:
- Rubber-sheathed cable: This type of cable is flexible with rubber sheathing that protects it from heat, oil, and ozone. It is used to power movable machines.
- Wire and cable with thermoplastic OSHT (oil, soleil, heat resistant, and water): These types of cables can withstand high temperatures, exposure to sunlight, and contact with various petroleum products or other industrial chemicals.
- Metal-clad cable (MC): This cable has a metallic sheath for physical protection. It is non-armored but still offers some cable protection.
- Armored cable: Steel wire or aluminum cable protection is used for this type of cable. It is very durable and can only be bent using special tools.
- Bradley cable: This flexible cable is used for power trains, pendant push-button controls, and wiring troughs. It is perfect for connecting to moving parts of a machine or equipment.
- Multi-conductor cable: This flexible cable has several copper conductors with a thermoplastic or thermoset insulator. It is used to transmit power to portable or travel machines in the petrochemical, construction, or mining industries.
Functions and features
Once an Atex cable is certified, it receives an Atex certification mark, which varies depending on the explosion protection type:
- Certificates of Conformity: Companies can obtain a certificate that confirms the conformity of their products to Atex standards. These products will carry the mark CE + Nos of the certificate.
- ATEX Mark: All devices, including cables, that have been certified in accordance with Atex directives must be marked according to the directives. Understanding this mark is essential, as its form and content depend on the type of protection against explosions.
- IECEx Mark: Companies that meet the standards and regulations of IECEx can trade their products in other markets, such as the European Union, easily. The IECEx mark certifies that the item meets international standards for explosion protection. Like Atex-marked products, the IECEx mark's form and content depend on various factors, such as the equipment's category or type of protection against explosions.
Atex cable has various components designed to protect it. The following features are essential for atex cable:
- Covering: The minimal IP protection for an Atex cable should be IP20. If there is a risk of mechanical damage, the cable must have an outer layer of at least a type A armor.
- Filler: Plastics or rubber are commonly used as fillers to occupy any empty spaces within the cable. This addition improves the cable's strength and flexibility, particularly if it needs to bend around corners or through narrow spaces.
- Inner sheath: An inner sheath protects the insulated cores of a cable. This layer may be needed if the cable has to pass through rough areas that could damage the insulated cores.
- Insulation: Atex cables have thermal, physical, and electrical insulation made from several materials like rubber and thermoplastic. To avoid any risk of cable ignition or explosion, the insulation must have flame-retardant features according to the IEC 60332-1-2 standard.
- Metal Wire/Cord: The presence of metal is essential for the cable to meet the Atex requirements. The type of metal used depends on the atmosphere the cable will be used in.
Uses of atex cable
ATEX cables are made for harsh and explosive environments. Thus, they have various uses in different industries. In summary, some key uses are as follows:
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Oil and Gas Industry
ATEX cables are widely used in the Oil and Gas industry to supply power to offshore oil platforms, oil refineries, and pipelines. The cables are used for various applications like connecting pumps, sensors, and motors in explosion-proof areas.
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Mining Industry
The ATEX cables are also used in the mining industry to provide electrical supply in underground mining areas. They are used to connect ventilation fans, lighting, and other equipment in explosive atmospheres.
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Chemical Manufacturing
Manufacturers use ATEX cables to connect machines in Explosion Proof areas. The cables supply power to pumps, mixers and other equipment that work with combustible materials.
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Pharmaceutical Industry
ATEX cables are used in pharmaceutical production plants. They connect various machines in areas where flammable materials and vapors are present.
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Fertilizer and Petrochemical
ATEX cables are used in the production of fertilizers and petrochemicals. They connect equipment in areas with combustible dust, vapors and gases.
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Power Generation
ATEX cables are also used in power generation plants, especially in nuclear and geothermal power plants. They are employed in the connection of machines in explosion-proof areas
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Marine Industry
ATEX cables were first designed for use in the marine industry. They are still used in ships, offshore platforms and other marine applications. The cables supply power and transmit data in explosion-proof areas.
How to Choose atex cable
When purchasing an Atex cable, it is essential to determine the application so that the ideal cable is selected to suit the specific needs.
- Consider the environment: The surroundings must be taken into account if\the Atex cable is to be used outdoors or in wet, hazardous areas. In such locations, only cables suitable for damp and outdoor use should be employed.
- Check the temperature range: Atex cables come with various temperature ratings. A cable that can withstand the maximum temperatures found in the application must be chosen.
- Cable Types: Atex cables are available in single core and multicore configurations. Both shielded and unshielded variants are offered. If there is a need to connect the Atex cable to other accessories, then choose the multi core option. For any other option, it is best to go with the unshielded variant.
- Determine the diameter: The diameter of the cable must be taken into account to guarantee that it will fit in the available place or to follow installation standards.
- Number of Cores: Atex cables come with a different number of cores. Some have only two while others have up to 20. The cores are also referred to as conductors. The number of cores required for the application must be determined before purchasing the cable. Ensure that the ideal cable is chosen to suit the specific wiring needs.
- Copper vs. Aluminium: Aluminium and copper conductors are used to make Atex cables. Copper is a better choice because it has superior conductivity, flexibility, and resistance to fatigue. Although aluminium cables are less expensive, they are less effective than their copper counterparts.
- Cable Certification: The Atex cable's certification should be considered to guarantee that it complies with all applicable rules and standards for the specific sector or application. In applications where adherence to legal and safety standards is critical, it is essential to recognize and provide due importance to the certified cables.
Atex cable Q&A
Q1: What is the purpose of an ATEX cable?
A1: ATEX cables are used in hazardous areas where there is a risk of explosive atmospheres. They help to ensure the safe operation of equipment and systems in these environments.
Q2: What is an atex electrical cable?
A2: An Atex electrical cable is an electrical cable that is certified for use in areas where there is a risk of explosions. It must meet specific safety standards to prevent explosions from occurring.
Q3: What is the minimum temperature rating for an Atex cable?
A3: The minimum temperature rating for an Atex cable depends on the zone where it will be used. Generally, Atex cables have a minimum temperature rating of -40°C, but this can go as low as -60°C for use in cryogenic applications.
Q4: What is the highest temperature an Atex cable can withstand?
A4: An Atex cable can withstand a maximum temperature of 1000°C depending on the type of fire-resistant cable. For effective operation in hazardous areas, the cable's sheath must maintain its mechanical integrity at 950°C for at least 3 minutes.
Q5: What is an Atex 2 cable?
A5: An Atex 2 cable is suitable for use in areas that could be hazardous, but where an explosion is not likely to occur. Equipment in these areas must be marked with the symbol "Ex cat 2." Cat is short for category, and cables can be in cat 1 or cat 2.
