3 phase power distribution box

Types of 3-phase power distribution box

A three-phase power distribution box is used to supply electricity in large quantities, helping to evenly distribute power and keep things safe. It's an important part of the electrical system for large buildings, factories, and construction projects. The three-phase system is more effective than two-phase or single-phase systems, which is why so many people use it. Distribution boxes come in a lot of forms, with the most common types of three-phase power distribution boxes including:

Wheel Type

This type is usually supported by a wheel mechanism, which helps to rotate the discs with the conductors and therefore change the system of connection. It's great for situations that need mobility, as the operator can easily move the box around.

Static Type

The static types don't have any moving parts, which makes them less likely to fail and easier to maintain. They handle a lot of current and are used when a constant load needs to be balanced, like in mining or big buildings.

Disc Type

Also known as the 'fly type', the disc-type equalizer is so named because it resembles a disc. This type ensures that each phase is balanced and therefore steady during the distribution process. AppropriateDurable and widely used across all industries.

Horizontal Cylinder Type

The horizontal cylinder type distribution box has drums that lie sideways, and the conductors rotate, helping to mix the current evenly. This type is helpful in areas that can't afford to have current unbalanced.

Vertical Cylinder Type

The vertical cylinder type is much similar to the horizontal cylinder type; the only difference is that its drum is positioned vertically. It is, however, smaller than the horizontal cylinder type and is used when there is limited space.

Other Types Based on Voltage and Power Source

Besides these, three-phase distribution boxes are also categorized based on voltage levels, such as low, medium, and high voltage, and according to power sources like generators or the grid. Each serves unique roles for specific needs or situations.

IP Protection

The types of three-phase power distribution boxes mentioned above are just a few; many more are still out there. IP, which means 'Ingress Protection', is the international standard that checks how well something like a three-phase power distribution box can prevent things like dust or water from getting inside it. The first digit shows how well it keeps out solid stuff like dust. The second digit shows how well it keeps out water. Here are some examples of IP ratings:

• IP 54: For moderate dust and water exposure.
• IP 65: For dust and water, including low-pressure water jets.
• IP 66: For dust and water, including strong water jets and waves.
• IP 67: For devices that may temporarily be submerged in water.
• IP 68: For equipment designed to be submerged in water for long periods with a specified depth and duration.

Industrial applications of 3-phase power distribution box

• Mining: In mining operations, large equipment requires substantial power. A three-phase distribution box can effectively distribute this power, ensuring that all equipment, from drills to trucks, operates smoothly without overloads or drop-offs.
• Agriculture: In modern farming, a lot of equipment needs three-phase power. Ventilation systems, irrigation pumps, and grain dryers are just a few examples. These systems need a three-phase distribution box to ensure they get a steady power supply to keep things running well.
• Industrial and Commercial Buildings: Large buildings like offices, schools, hospitals, and factories need a three-phase distribution box to share out the electricity they get. These kinds of places use a lot of power for things like lights, heating, cooling, and machines.
• Construction Sites: Building sites with large tools and machines require more power than smaller spaces. A three-phase distribution box can help provide that power. It allows different parts of the site to run, like cranes, concrete mixers, and welders, without overpowering the system.
• Oil and Gas: Power-hungry processes like drilling, refining, and transporting in oil and gas industries depend on three-phase distribution boxes for safe and reliable electricity delivery to heavy-duty machinery and complex systems.
• Transportation: Three-phase distribution boxes manage the electricity needed for operating trains, subways, and electric vehicle charging stations. An even distribution of electricity keeps everything working well and helps prevent problems like power outages or equipment damage from power surges.

Specifications & Features of 3-phase power distribution box

Technical Specifications & Key Features

• The Latest IP Technology: The most modern versions of the three-phase power distribution boxes include IP protections that prevent dust and water from getting inside. These boxes can even survive short submersions in water if they have the right IP numbers.
• Dead Front Design: Newer distribution boxes have a dead front design. This means that the live parts are covered so no one accidently touches them. It makes the boxes safer to work near.
• Voltage Ratings: Three-phase distribution boxes are made for different voltage levels, such as 400V, 230V, and up to 690V. Each one handles a specific voltage for the needs of that industry.
• Current Ratings: The current ratings for these boxes range widely. Some small ones go up to 40 amps. While the largest can support currents over 1000 amps!
• Phases: They are all made for three-phase power, which delivers electricity more smoothly than single or two-phase power.
• Material: Many distribution boxes are made of steel, a super-strong metal. Some apply a layer of corrosion fighting material called 'galvanization' to prolong the box's lifespan in tough environments. For lighter uses, they might be made of a plastic called polycarbonate.
• Handles: With the three-phase power distribution box being heavy, handles are provided to ease handling and mounting on walls.
• Fuses: Fuses are included in this box to provide overload and short circuit protection.
• Air vents: Sufficient number of air vents is provided to prevent electrical devices from overheating.

How to install

The installation of the three-phase power distribution box should always be done by a professional electrician or technician.

• Choosing a Location: The first step is to find a good spot where the box can get three wires from the main power and distribute power to lots of smaller wires. It should be mounted at a height between 1.2 to 1.8 meters so adults can easily see and reach the box.
• Mounting the Box: The power cables need to be securely fastened to the distribution box so they don't move around. A strong bracket or anchor holds the box tightly to the wall.
• Connecting the Power Supply: Next, each of the three main power wires is connected to a terminal inside the box. The technician uses a power meter to check that the phase sequence is correct by labeling each wire as L1, L2, or L3. This ensures that the power flows in the right order.
• Wiring the Outgoing Circuits: After the three power wires are connected, smaller wires for each room or area are attached to distribution switchboard. The technician connects each one to a terminal where power is shared out. This is done using a wire the same size as the outgoing cables - 1.5 sq mm, 2.5 sq mm, or 4 sq mm.
• Installing Protection Devices: The technician installs circuit breakers or fuses that protect against overpowering or short circuits. These are safety switches that cut the power if anything goes wrong.
• Finishing Touches: The last step is to carefully close the distribution box. All the wires are safely tucked away and the cover locks in place. Power can then be turned on and the technician checks everything works properly.

Maintenance & Repair

• Regular Inspection: Checking the power box monthly is important. Looking for any signs of damage, dirt, or wear will help catch problems early before they disrupt power.
• Cleaning: Keeping the outside of the distribution box clean helps prevent things like water or dust from getting inside. Wiping it down daily removes buildup that could cause malfunctions.
• Testing Components: Testing the breakers and fuses annually ensures they will properly stop power during an emergency. Replacing old parts maintains full protection for the system.
• Monitoring Performance: Keeping track of power levels and usage through a meter helps identify if the system is overworked. Knowing this allows upgrades before shortages hinder operations.
• Software Updates: If equipped, regularly updating control software or settings keeps the system functioning at its best with the newest improvements.

Quality & Durability of 3-phase power distribution box

• Tested for Strength: The three-phase distribution box is put through tests to ensure it can handle tough spaces like factories, building sites, and mines. It needs to last a long time, even under hard use.
• Materials Matter: Steel and other hard metals are used to make the box, so it doesn't easily break or dent. Unlike some plastics, it won't weaken over time or crack from the heat.
• Extra Protection: The outside of the box has a special layer called galvanization. It protects the box from rusting even in wet or dusty areas. Some boxes also have a powder coat that adds another barrier if the first one gets damaged.
• Weather-Proof Design: The three-phase power distribution boxes are made to work indoors and outdoors, so they have to withstand rain, snow, and extreme temperatures. IP ratings check how well they stand up to these elements.
• Staying Cool: Ventilation holes in the box allow air to flow. This keeps the internal wires and components from overheating, adding to the safety and longevity when used in hot environments.
• Rugged Hinges and Latches: Stronger hinges and latches mean the door stays secure, even with constant opening and closing. It won't wear out or break like lighter hardware.
• Testing for Safety: Quality checks are done to see if the box can handle surges, shorts, and heavy loads without deforming or becoming unsafe. Meeting international standards certifies it works reliably as expected in demanding scenarios.

Q & A

Q1. What is the main purpose of a three-phase power distribution box?

A1. The main purpose of a three-phase power distribution box is to distribute electricity smoothly and safely across larger spaces like factories, office buildings, and construction sites, where lots of heavy machines and tools need power.

Q2. What are some important parts of these distribution boxes that help prevent overloads and power surges?

A2. Distribution boxes have circuit breakers and fuses that stop the flow of electricity if too much power tries to go through. This protects the system from damage during overloads or power surges.

Q3. How does one know if the three-phase distribution box is strong enough for the power needs in its area?

A3. To ensure that the box is strong enough, it's important to find out what the maximum current and voltage requirement is in that area. An electrician will look at how much power the largest tools or machines need and pick a box that can handle that much without becoming overloaded.

Q4. Can the three-phase power distribution box be used outside?

A4. Yes, there are three-phase distribution boxes specially designed to withstand rain, snow, and extreme heat. They have protective features like sealed covers and sturdy materials that prevent damage from weather or dirt.

Q5. Is it possible to upgrade the three-phase distribution box if need more power in the future?

A5. Yes, many parts of the three-phase power distribution boxes are set up to allow for future upgrades. New switches, breakers, or parts can be added without replacing the whole box if the power needs change later on.

Q6. Are these boxes portable?

A6. Some three-phase power distribution boxes can be transported easily using wheels or handles. This makes it simpler to provide power to different areas of a construction site or event as needed.

Q7. What does IP rating mean and why is it important?

A7. IP rating stands for Ingress Protection rating. It tells how well the three-phase distribution box can keep out dust and water. Higher numbers mean better protection. This is important because it shows if the box will last in tough environments like dirt-filled construction zones or rainy outdoor areas.